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D8.4 Life Cycle Cost proposed solutions and circular economy strategies planned - Abstract

This deliverable has been prepared in the frame of WP8 Task 8.3 Cradle-to-Grave Life Cycle Cost (LCC) to provide the economic assessment of raw material extraction, battery pack production, battery use (1st and 2nd life), and End-of-Life (EoL). MARBEL project has designed, developed and demonstrated a modular, compact and lightweight battery pack to be compared to the Audi e-Tron 55.

The methodological framework defined in D8.1 has been revised and updated. The study goal, functional unit (FU), and system boundaries have been defined. The data collection for the inventories regarding material and energy has been done through Excel spreadsheets shared with the involved partners, and completed with literature or market commodity prices when possible.

The main remarkable LCC findings are as follows:

  • The MARBEL battery has an LCC of 46.990 € or 6,54 €/kWh
  • The manufacturing phase is the highest contributor to the life cycle with 39.278,15 €
  • The cells, the module, and the iSCM represent 39%, 30% and 15% of the manufacturing phase respectively.
  • Within the module, the BMS components account for more than 50% of the cost. The modularity feature incorporated in MARBEL to track each module individually increases considerably the cost.
  • A 28% cost reduction of the MARBEL battery can be achieved by purchasing the cells from a different provider, savings for extending the battery life by giving it a 2nd life, and revenue by selling the recycled materials in a second market.